Dave Caverly
Texas State University-San Marcos

Here is a beginning attempt at documenting the various APA 5th style formatting for each type of New Literacies

Audio file online Audio in a database online (e.g., iTunes): Blog online Book on the Web e-mail message Graphic in a database on the web: (e.g., Amazon, Flickr, etc.) Graphic on the web Journal article read via DOI from an Electronic Database like EBSCO Journal article read via pdf from an Electronic Database like EBSCO Journal article on the Web Listserv Mobile phone message Mobile phone software

Motion picture Music Recordin Online data file Second Life (i.e., Multi-User Virtual Environment [MUVE]) Single episode from a television series Social Network web page (e.g., MySpace, Facebook) Software for use off the Web Software for use on the Web (i.e., Web 2.0 applications; e.g., wikis, blogs, virtual environments) Television broadcast Television series Video in a database online (e.g., YouTube) Video online Webpage Wiki online (including startup pages):

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Note you should add the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) to a citation whenever it is available. Use it instead of the URL if available.

e-mail message:

1. Reference list citation format:

None as it is non-recoverable data (cf., Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. [2001]. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, p. 214).

2. Reference list citation example:

not applicable (NA)

3. In-text citation format:

Last name, first initial. (personal communication, Month, day, year).

4. In-text citation example:

Christ, F. (personal communication, July 25, 1999)

ListServ (i.e., bulletin board, online forum, electronic mailing list) message: (see example 85-87; in Publication manual of the American Psychological association. [2001]. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, p. 278)

1. Reference list citation format:

for online forum

Last name, first initial. (year, Month, day). Title [Msg # if applicable]. Message posted to URL

for bulletin board or mailing list name

Last name, first initial. (year, Month, day). Message posted bulletin board or mailing list name, archived at URL

2. Reference list citation example:

for online forum

Caverly, D. C. (2009, January 31). Group 1 seminar. Message posted to https://tracs.txstate.edu/portal/site/9f24e7e0-88c4-481a-0073-b1662954f611/page/d01a97ed-bfa0-4ab2-006f-b90c64ba2df9 (for online forum)

for bulletin board or mailing list name

Caverly, D. C. (2009, January 24). Re: Sharing Reading ideas. Message posted to LRNASST, archived at http://www.lists.ufl.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0901&L=lrnasst-l&P=25875

3. In-text citation format:

Last name, First Initial. (personal communication, Month, day, year).

4. In-text citation example:

Caverly (2009).

Web page:

1. Reference list citation format:

Last Name, First Initial. (year). Webpage title. Retrieved access date, from URL

2. Reference list citation example:

Blood, R. (2000). Weblogs: A history and perspective. Retrieved from http://www.rebeccablood.net/essays/weblog_history.html

3. In-text citation format:

Last name (year)

4. In-text citation example:

Blood (2000)

Journal article on the Web:

1. Reference list citation format:

Last Name, First Initial. (year). Article title. Journal title, volume number(issue number), page numbers. Retrieved access date, from URL

2. Reference list citation example:

Bruce, B. C., & Levin, J. A. (1997). Educational technology: Media for inquiry, communication, construction, and expression. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 17(1), 79-102. Retrieved February 1, 2009, from http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/~chip/pubs/taxonomy/taxonomy.pdf

3. In-text citation format:

Last name (year)

4. In-text citation example:

Bruce and Levin (1997)

Journal article read via DOI from an Electronic Database like EBSCO

1. Reference list citation format:

Last Name, First Initial. (year). Article title. Journal title, volume number(issue number), page numbers. Retrieved access date, from Electronic Database.

2. Reference list citation example:

Hedges, L. V., & Vevea, J. L. (1998). Fixed- and random-effects models in meta-analysis. Psychological Methods, 3(4), 486-504. Retrieved February 1, 2009, from DOI: 10.1037/1082-989X.3.4.486

3. In-text citation format:

Last name (year)

4. In-text citation example:

Hedges and Vevea (1998)

Journal article read via pdf from an Electronic Database like EBSCO

1. Reference list citation format:

Last Name, First Initial. (year). Article title. Journal title, volume number(issue number), page numbers. Retrieved access date, from Electronic Database.

2. Reference list citation example:

Young, D., & Ley, K. (2005). Developmental college student self-regulation: Results from two measures. Journal of College Reading & Learning, 36(1), 60-80. Retrieved February 1, 2009, from EBSCO

3. In-text citation format:

Last name (year)

4. In-text citation example:

Young and Ley (2005)

Book on the Web:

1. Reference list citation format:

Last Name, First Initial. (year). Book title. Place of publication: Publisher. Retrieved access date, from URL

2. Reference list citation example:

Lankshear, C., & Knobel, M. (2007). Sampling "The new" In new literacies. In M. Knobel & C. Lankshear (Eds.) A new literacies sampler (pp. 1-25). New York: Peter Lang Publishing. Retrieved October 10, 2007, from http://www.soe.jcu.edu.au/sampler/

3. In-text citation format:

Last Name (Year)

4. In-text citation example:

Lankshear and Knobel (2006)

Report on the Web:

1. Reference list citation format:

Last Name, First Initial. (year). Report title. Place of publication: Publisher. Retrieved access date, from URL

2. Reference list citation example:

Baer, J. D., Cook, A. L., & Baldi, S. (2006). The literacy of America’s college student. Washington, DC: American Institutes for Research. Retrieved January 20, 2009, from http://www.air.org/news/documents/The%20Literacy%20of%20Americas%20College%20Students_final%20report.pdf

3. In-text citation format:

Last name (year)

4. In-text citation example:

Baer, Cook, and Baldi (2006)

Online data file (not an electronic source):

1. Reference list citation format:

Last Name, First Initial. (year). Report title [Data file]. Place of publication: Publisher. Retrieved access date, from URL

2. Reference list citation example:

National Center for Educational Statistics. (2007). NAEP data explorer [Data file]. Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Education. Retrieved February 2, 2009, from http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/bat/

3. In-text citation format:

Last name (year)

4. In-text citation example:

National Center for Educational Statistics (2009)

Software for use off the web:

1. Reference list citation format:

Last Name, First Initial. (year). Software title [Computer software]. Place of publication: Publisher. Retrieved access date, from URL

2. Reference list citation example:

Apple. (2007). Universal access [Computer software]. Cupertino, CA: Apple Retrieved June 20, 2007, from http://www.apple.com/macosx/features/universalaccess/

3. In-text citation format:

Last name (year)

4. In-text citation example:

Apple (2006)

Software for use on the web (i.e., Web 2.0 applications; e.g., wikis, blogs, virtual environments)

1. Reference list citation format:

Last Name, First Initial. (year). Software title [Computer software]. Place of publication: Publisher. Retrieved access date, from URL

2. Reference list citation example:

Linden Lab Research. (2007). Second life. Retrieved October 10, 2007, from http://secondlife.com/

3. In-text citation format:

Last name (year)

4. In-text citation example:

Linden Lab Research (2007)

Wiki online (including startup pages):

1. Reference list citation format:

Last Name, First Initial. (year). Software title [Computer software]. Place of publication: Publisher. Retrieved access date, from URL

2. Reference list citation example:

Wetpaint.com Inc. (2008). Wikis in education [Computer software]. Seattle, WA: Author. Retrieved from http://wikisineducation.wetpaint.com/

3. In-text citation format:

Last name (year)

4. In-text citation example:

Wetpaint.com Inc. (2008)

Blog online:

1. Reference list citation format:

Last Name, First Initial. (year). Blog title. Retrieved access date, from URL

2. Reference list citation example:

McClain, L. (2008). McClain's college reading blog. Helping developmental students succeed: A modest proposal. Retrieved July 11, 2008, from http://blogs.setonhill.edu/LeeMcClain/2008/05/helping_developmental_students.html

3. In-text citation format:

Last name (year)

4. In-text citation example:

McClain (2008)

Social Network web page (e.g., MySpace, Facebook)





Second Life (i.e., Multi-User Virtual Environment [MUVE])

1. Reference list citation format:

Last Name, First Initial. (year). Second title. Place of publication: Publisher. Retrieved access date, from SLURL

2. Reference list citation example:

Texas State University-San Marcos. (2008). Bobcat village. San Marcos, TX: Author. Retrieved January 14, 2008, from http://slurl.com/secondlife/Bobcat%20Village/134.301/66.2734

3. In-text citation format:

Last name (year)

4. In-text citation example:

Texas State University-San Marcos (2008)

Mobile phone message:



Mobile phone software:




Audio file online: (from Coates Library [2005]. APA citation style: Non-traditional sources. Retrieved Feb. 1, 2009, from http://lib.trinity.edu/research/citing/APAnontrad.shtml)

1. Reference list citation format:

Last Name, First Initial of primary contributor (Role of primary contributor). (Year of recording). Title of Recording (Medium of recording). Location of distributor: Distributor.

2. Reference list citation example:

Sexton, A. (Speaker). (1999). Anne Sexton reads (Cassette). New York: HarperAudio.

3. In-text citation format:

(Last Name of primary contributor, Year of recording)

4. In-text citation example:

(Sexton, 1999)

Graphic on the web:

1. Reference list citation format:

Last Name, First Initial. (year). Graphic title [graphic]. Place of publication: Publisher. Retrieved access date, from URL

2. Reference list citation example:

Texas State University-San Marcos. (2008). Old Main [graphic]. San Marcos, TX: Author. Retrieved January 14, 2008, fromhttp://www.txstate.edu/about/index/contentParagraph/0/content_files/file0/om.jpg

3. In-text citation format:

Last name (year)

4. In-text citation example:

Texas State University-San Marcos (2008)

Graphic in a database on the web: (e.g., Amazon)

1. Reference list citation format:

Last Name, First Initial. (year). Graphic title [graphic]. Database. Retrieved access date, from URL

2. Reference list citation example:

Martel, Y. (2001). Life of Pi. Amazon. Retrieved October 10, 2008, from http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/images/B0017HV05E/sr=1-3/qid=1232926656/ref=dp_image_0?ie=UTF8&n=283155&s=books&qid=1232926656&sr=1-3

3. In-text citation format:

Last name (year)

4. In-text citation example:

Martel (2008)

Music Recording: (from Coates Library [2005]. APA citation style: Non-traditional sources. Retrieved Feb. 1, 2009, from http://lib.trinity.edu/research/citing/APAnontrad.shtml)

1. Reference list citation format:

Last Name, First Initial of writer. (Year of Copyright). Title of song [Recorded by First Initial Last Name of artist if different from the writer]. On Title of album [Medium of Recording: CD, record, cassette]. Location of record label: Record label. (Recording date if different from copyright date)

2. Reference list citation example:

Kahn, G., & Donaldson, W. (1928). Love me or leave me [S. Vaughan]. On Anthology [CD]. Nashville: Stardust Records. (1963)

3. In-text citation format:

(Last Name of writer, Year of Copyright, side or track numbers)

4. In-text citation example:

(Kahn & Donaldson, 1928)

5. Note: See the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th ed., pp. 267-8, for variations in format based on recording.

Audio in a database online (e.g., iTunes):



Television broadcast: (see example 67; in Publication manual of the American Psychological association. [2001]. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, p. 267)

1. Reference list citation format:

Producer (Date Presented). Title [Television broadcast]. Network Headquarters: Network. Retrieved Date Accessed, from URL

2. Reference list citation example:

Colbert, S. (2005, October 16). The word - truthiness [Television broadcast]. New York: Comedy Central. Retrieved October 17, 2005, from http://www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-videos/24039/october-17-2005/the-word---truthiness

3. In-text citation format:

Last name (year)

4. In-text citation example:

Colbert (2008)

Single episode from a television series: (see example 67; in Publication manual of the American Psychological association. [2001]. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, p. 267)

1. Reference list citation format:

Writer Last name, First Initial (Writer), & Director Last name, First Initial (Director). (Date Presented). Title [Television series episode]. In Producer Last name, First Initial (Producer), Title of series. Network Headquarters: Network. Retrieved Date Accessed, from URL

2. Reference list citation example:

Purcell, T. (Writer), & Bennet, M. (Director). (2005, October 16). The word - truthiness [Television series episode]. In S. Colbert (Producer), The Colbert Report. New York: Comedy Central. Retrieved October 17, 2005, from http://www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-videos/24039/october-17-2005/the-word---truthiness

3. In-text citation format:

Last name (year)

4. In-text citation example:

Purcell (2005)

Television series: (see example 67; in Publication manual of the American Psychological association. [2001]. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, p. 267)

1. Reference list citation format:

Producer (Date Presented). Title [Television broadcast]. Network Headquarters: Network. Retrieved Date Accessed, from URL

2. Reference list citation example:

Public Broadcasting Service (2009). Nova Science Now [Television broadcast]. New York and Washington: Public Broadcasting Service. Retrieved February 2, 2009, from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/

3. In-text citation format:

Last name (year)

4. In-text citation example:

Public Broadcasting Service (2009)

Motion picture: (from Coates Library [2005]. APA citation style: Non-traditional sources. Retrieved Feb. 1, 2009, from http://lib.trinity.edu/research/citing/APAnontrad.shtml)

1. Reference list citation format:

Last Name, First Initial of Producer (Producer), & Last Name, First Initial of Director (Director). (Year of
release). Title of Motion Picture [Motion picture]. Country of origin: Movie studio.

2. Reference list citation example:

MacDonald, L. (Producer), & Scott, R. (Director). (2000). Gladiator [Motion picture]. United States:
Dreamworks & Universal Pictures.

3. In-text citation format:

(Last Name of Producer & Last Name of Director, Year of release)

4. In-text citation example:

(MacDonald & Scott, 2000)

5. Note: If a film is released in limited circulation (such as a documentary intended for an education environment), include the distributor's name and complete address in parentheses in place of the Country of origin and Movie studio. For example:

Light, A. (Producer & Director). (1993). Dialogues with madwomen [Motion picture]. (Available from
Women Make Movies, Inc., 462 Broadway, Suite 505L, New York, NY 10013).

Video online:




Video in a database online (e.g., YouTube):

1. Reference list citation format:

Last Name, First Initial. (year). Video title [video]. Video database. Retrieved access date, from URL

2. Reference list citation example:

Wesch, M. (2008). A portal to media literacy [video]. YouTube. Retrieved October 10, 2008, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4yApagnr0s&feature=related

3. In-text citation format:

Last name (year)

4. In-text citation example:

Wesch (2008)